Kemarin saya menerangkan mengenai apa itu bahasa C++ dan sedikit cerita mengenai kisah dari C++. Kali ini saya akan kembali mengulas artikel mengenai bahasa pemrograman C++ yaitu struktur atau bagian utama C++. Untuk mempermudah pemahaman, saya sertakan juga beberapa syntax program untuk dijadikan referensi. Syntax adalah tata kalimat atau sering disebut dengan kode. Syntax program di sini akan mewakili semua struktur dari bahasa pemrograman C++. Struktur bahasa C++ terdiri atas komentar, preprocessor directive, fungsi utama maupun tambahan, definisi fungsi dan deklarasi. Berikut ini syntax program beserta penjelasan masing-masing struktur yang ada dalam C++.
- // Contoh komentar satu baris //
- #include <iostream>
- using namespace std;
- void prosedur()
- {
- char nama[20]="Fasesa";
- cout<<" Nama saya adalah "<<nama<<endl;
- }
- int main()
- {
- cout<<"Selamat datang di Blog Fasesa Notes"<<endl;
- prosedur();
- return 0;
- }
1. Komentar
// Contoh komentar satu baris //
Bagian ini berisi mengenai keterangan pada
program kita. Tidak akan dieksekusi dan tidak akan ditampilkan ketika program dijalankan
alias nggak ngaruh. Tapi cukup penting,
karena komentar akan mempermudah orang lain yang ingin mempelajari program yang
kita melalui keterangan yang ada. Dan juga sangat membantu kita megingat ketika
kita membuat program dengan statement
yang panjang dan terdiri dari banyak fungsi. Komentar ditulis dengan 2 cara
yaitu :
a.
Dimulai dengan tanda //
untuk komentar 1 baris (contoh di atas)
b.
Diapit dengan tanda /* ... */
untuk komentar multi baris
2. Preprocessore
Directive
(Pengarah Compiler)
#include
using
namespace std;
Preprocessor
directive ditandai dengan simbol #. Bertugas
untuk mengarahkan prepocessor yang
akan digunakan untuk membaca file header
atau bisa dikatakan sebagai pengatur proses kompilasi. Contoh preprocessor directive : #include,
#define, #if, #else, dan lainnya. Contoh file header : , , ,
dan lainnya.
3. Fungsi Utama (main) dan Tambahan
(function dan procedure)
a. Fungsi Utama
int main()
{
cout<<"Selamat datang di Blog Fasesa Notes"<
prosedur();
return 0;
}
Fungsi utama adalah bagian yang pertama
kali akan dieksekusi, walaupun sebelum bagian dari fungsi utama ini ada fungsi
tambahan. Sehingga fungsi utama pasti ada di dalam program C++. Fungsi utama
ini tersusun atas kata main lalu diikuti dengan tanda ().
Lalu diikuti lagi dengan definisi fungsi (bagian
dalam tanda “{}”) yang
berisi deklarasi dan perintah-perintah yang akan dieksekusi dalam program
tersebut.
b.
Fungsi Tambahan
void prosedur()
{
char
nama[20]="Fasesa";
cout<<"
Nama saya adalah "<
}
Fungsi tambahan ini adalah fungsi yang
mendukung dan merupakan pemecahan dari fungsi utama. Terdiri atas function dan
procedure. Function merupakan fungsi dengan nilai balik, sedangkan procedure
adalah fungsi tanpa nilai balik. Untuk fungsi tambahan nanti akan kita kupas
lebih lebar lagi.
4. Definisi fungsi
int main()
{
cout<<"Selamat
datang di Blog Fasesa Notes"<
prosedur();
return 0;
}
Definisi fungsi adalah bagian yang
menyertai fungsi. Di dalamnya berisi syntax-syntax yang nantinya akan
dieksekusi apabila fungsi tersebut dipanggil. Bagian definisi ini selalu diawali
dengan tanda kurawal buka “{” dan diakhiri dengan tanda kurawal tutup “}”.
Di dalam definisi fungsi ini terdapat beberapa statement. Statement harus diakhiri dengan tanda “;”.
Tanda ini berfungsi untuk memberi tanda bahwa satu statement sudah selesai dan akan terjadi error jika tidak ditutupi
dengan tanda “;”. Contoh : cout<<"Selamat
datang di Blog Fasesa Notes"<
5. Bagian deklarasi
void prosedur()
{
char nama[20]="Fasesa";
cout<<"
Nama saya adalah "<
}
Bisa dikatakan sebagai statement tempat pengenalan variabel, konstanta, fungsi, array dan
lainnya. Deklarasi yang sederhana da pada contoh di atas. Pada contoh di atas diperkenalkan
tentang tipe data apa yang digunakan variabel nama dalam procedure tersebut. Kemudian
diketahui pula nilai dari variabel nama adalah Fasesa.
Demikianlah artikel kali ini mengenai struktur atau bagian-bagian utama dari bahasa pemrograman C++. Apabila ada salah mohon koreksi. Sekian dan terima kasih.
63 komentar
Artikelnya bermanfaat dalam belajar saya kak, ini saya juga punya artikel tentang Perbedaan Fungsi dan Prosedur dalam Bahasa C, semoga dapat saling melengkapi
Perbedaan Fungsi dan Prosedur dalam Bahasa C (dengan Contoh dan Penjelasan) - MARKIJAR.Com
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Sangat bermanfaat. terima kasih, mampir juga di blog ane ya
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